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Osteoporosis Screening & Treatment

Overview

What Is Osteoporosis?

Osteoporosis is a medical condition characterized by weakened bones that become fragile and prone to fractures. This occurs when bone mass and density decrease over time, leading to structural deterioration. Often called a "silent disease," osteoporosis progresses without noticeable symptoms until a fracture occurs, usually in the hip, spine, or wrist. The condition can significantly impact mobility, quality of life, and overall health if left untreated.

Symptoms of Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is often asymptomatic in its early stages. However, as the disease progresses, individuals may experience:

  • Loss of height due to vertebral fractures or spinal compression
  • Back pain caused by fractured or collapsed vertebrae
  • Stooped posture (kyphosis)
  • Fractures occurring with minimal trauma, such as a fall or even minor stress on the bone

Who is at Risk of Osteoporosis?

Osteoporosis are more likely in people with the following risk factors:

  • Age: Bone density naturally decreases with age, making older adults more susceptible
  • Gender: Women, particularly postmenopausal women, are at higher risk due to lower oestrogen levels
  • Family History: A genetic predisposition to osteoporosis increases the likelihood of developing the condition
  • Low Body Weight: Individuals with a small body frame or low body mass index (BMI) may have lower bone mass
  • Nutritional Deficiencies: Inadequate calcium and vitamin D intake can weaken bones over time
  • Lifestyle Factors: Smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and lack of physical activity contribute to bone loss
  • Medical Conditions: Diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, thyroid disorders, and chronic kidney disease can lead to osteoporosis
Osteoporosis Screening: How is it Diagnosed?

Osteoporosis Screening: How is it Diagnosed?

Early detection of osteoporosis is crucial for preventing fractures and managing the condition effectively. The primary screening and diagnostic method is the Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) scan. This non-invasive test measures bone mineral density (BMD) at key sites such as the hip and spine.

Additional Screening Methods:

  • FRAX Assessment Tool: Estimates the 10-year risk of fractures based on various risk factors.
  • Quantitative Computed Tomography (QCT): Provides a more detailed analysis of bone density.
  • Biochemical Markers of Bone Turnover: Blood and urine tests can help assess bone metabolism and identify excessive bone loss.

Screening is recommended for postmenopausal women, older men, and individuals with risk factors for osteoporosis.

For more information about osteoporosis screening and treatment, please reach out to us today.

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How is Osteoporosis Treated?

The treatment of osteoporosis aims to prevent fractures, slow bone loss, and improve bone strength. A comprehensive approach includes lifestyle modifications, medications, and targeted therapies.

1. Medications

Several drug options are available for osteoporosis treatment, such as:

  • Bisphosphonates: These are commonly prescribed to slow bone loss
  • Denosumab: This inhibits bone resorption and is used for those who cannot tolerate bisphosphonates
  • Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): These mimic estrogen’s bone-protective effects, reducing fracture risk in postmenopausal women
  • Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Analogues: These can stimulate new bone formation
  • Romosozumab: A newer option that increases bone formation while reducing resorption

2. Nutritional Support

  • Calcium: Adequate intake (1,000-1,200 mg per day) is essential for bone health
  • Vitamin D: Facilitates calcium absorption and should be maintained at optimal levels (600-800 IU daily or more if deficient)
  • Protein: Supports bone repair and maintenance
  • Magnesium, Vitamin K, and Omega-3 Fatty Acids: These nutrients contribute to bone strength

3. Lifestyle Modifications

  • Regular Weight-Bearing Exercise: Activities such as walking, jogging, resistance training, and yoga help maintain bone mass and strength
  • Avoid Smoking & Alcohol: Smoking accelerates bone loss, and excessive alcohol intake weakens bones
  • Fall Prevention Measures: Home safety modifications and balance exercises can reduce the risk of fractures

4. Hormone Therapy

  • Oestrogen Replacement Therapy: Beneficial for postmenopausal women but requires careful assessment of risks
  • Testosterone Therapy: In men with low testosterone levels, supplementation may support bone density
Can Osteoporosis Be Prevented?

Can Osteoporosis Be Prevented?

While osteoporosis cannot always be entirely prevented, adopting a bone-healthy lifestyle significantly lowers the risk:

  • Maintain a balanced diet rich in calcium and vitamin D
  • Engage in regular physical activity, including strength training and weight-bearing exercises
  • Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol
  • Get regular bone density screenings, especially if at high risk
  • Address underlying medical conditions that may contribute to bone loss
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Frequently Asked Questions

Frequently Asked Questions

While osteoporosis cannot be completely reversed, treatments can significantly slow bone loss, increase bone density, and reduce fracture risk. Medications, proper nutrition, and lifestyle changes can help maintain stronger bones and prevent further deterioration.
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