Shoulder Replacement Surgery

How to Prepare for a Shoulder Replacement Surgery

• Medication Adjustments – In some cases, your surgeon may recommend temporarily discontinuing certain medications (such as blood thinners) before the procedure.
• Lifestyle Adjustments – You may be advised to quit smoking prior to the procedure, limit excessive alcohol consumption, and maintain a healthier weight.
• Fasting Before Surgery – Your doctor will provide detailed fasting instructions in order to ensure a smooth and safe surgery.

How Is Shoulder Replacement Surgery Performed?

Shoulder replacement surgeries are performed under general anaesthesia. The surgeon will begin by making two or three small incisions on the front or side of the shoulder, exposing the damaged joint. Specialised instruments are used to carefully remove damaged or diseased bones or cartilage, which includes the humeral head (ball) and the glenoid (socket).

The artificial components, consisting of a metal ball and a plastic socket, are then inserted into the shoulder joint. The ball component is attached to a stem that extends inside the patient’s humerus, and the socket component is fixed to the shoulder blade (scapula).

After the implant placement, the incision is closed using sutures or staples, and sterile dressings are applied to the incision site.

Recovering From Shoulder Replacement Surgery

Following the procedure, the patient will be transferred to the recovery area for several hours, where their vital signs will be monitored as they recuperate from the effects of anaesthesia. They will also be given pain medication and advised to wear a sling to stabilise the arm and shoulder initially.

Other post-surgery guidelines will be given, which include:

• Physiotherapy – A physiotherapist will design a customised exercise programme that aims to strengthen the shoulder muscles and improve the range of motion of the joint.
• Activity Restrictions – Patients are advised to refrain from performing repetitive overhead movements or activities that may strain the shoulder joint, such as lifting heavy objects. They will be advised on proper body mechanics and the use of assistive devices where necessary.
• Maintaining Shoulder Health – Avoid activities that place excessive stress on the shoulder joint. One may also incorporate regular low-impact exercises, such as swimming or walking, for overall joint health.
• Regular Follow-up Appointments – Attending your follow-up appointment with your surgeon is vital to monitor your recovery progress, address any concerns, and ensure proper healing.

Possible Complications of Shoulder Replacement Surgery

Although generally safe and effective, shoulder replacement surgery carries potential risks; although they are rare in the hands of an experienced surgeon. These include:

• Infection – This may occur at the incision site or within the deeper tissue and cause redness, swelling, increased pain, and fever.
• Blood Clots – These can form in the large veins of the leg. In rare cases, a clot may break and travel to the lung, which will require immediate medical attention.
• Implant-related Issues – Over time, the artificial shoulder joint may experience wear and tear. In some cases, additional surgery may be necessary to replace or repair the implants.
• Nerve Damage – During shoulder joint replacement surgery, nearby nerves surrounding the implant can sometimes be injured.
• Dislocation – This can occur when the ball is detached from the socket, requiring closed reduction or surgery to reduce or revise the implant.

It is essential for patients to discuss concerns with their surgeon, follow post-operative instructions, and attend their follow-up appointments to minimise the risk of complications and ensure optimal recovery.